深圳市不合格食品退出市场管理办法
广东省深圳市工商行政管理局
深圳市工商行政管理局关于印发深圳市不合格食品退出市场管理办法的通知
（2005年7月28日）
深工商〔2005〕35号
为加强市场食品质量监督管理，保护消费者的合法权益，保障人民群众身体健康和生命安全，依据《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》、《中华人民共和国产品质量法》、《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》等法律法规的规定，我局制定了《深圳市不合格食品退出市场管理办法》。现予印发，请遵照执行。
深圳市不合格食品退出市场管理办法
第一条 为加强市场食品质量管理，严厉打击制售假冒伪劣食品活动，维护广大消费者合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》、《中华人民共和国产品质量法》、《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》及其他相关法律法规规定，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称的市场，是指超市、批发市场、商场和集贸市场等经营场所。
不合格食品退出市场，是指对质量不符合国家、地方或者行业标准或有关要求，或存在其他安全卫生隐患的食品，采取停止销售、退出市场的一种质量管理措施。
第三条 下列食品应当停止销售，退出市场：
（一）腐烂变质、污秽不洁的；
（二）包装破损和其他不符合食品卫生要求的；
（三）超过安全使用期或者保质日期的；
（四）应当检验、检疫而未检验、检疫，或检验、检疫不合格的；
（五）掺杂、掺假，以假充真、以次充好，偷工减料的；
（六）使用非食用色素或其他非食用物质加工的；
（七）伪造产地标识，伪造或者冒用他人厂名、厂址，在商品上伪造或冒用认证标志、名优标志、国际标准采用标志、防伪标志等质量标志等，对商品质量作引人误解的虚假表示或使用绝对宣传用语的；
（八）无产地标识、生产者名称和地址、生产日期或保质期的；
（九）假冒他人的注册商标，或者擅自使用知名商品特有的名称、包装、装潢，造成和他人的知名商品相混淆，使购买者误认为是该知名商品的；
（十）其他违反法律法规规定的。
市场开办者发现上述不合格食品应要求经营者立即停止销售，退出市场，并向工商行政管理部门或相关行政管理部门报告，积极协助有关行政管理部门做好不合格食品退出市场的相关工作。
第四条 经营者发现所销售的食品属本办法所列的不合格食品时，应立即停止销售，并采取下列措施：
（一）清点不合格食品，登记造册；
（二）将不合格食品撤出市场，召回已售出食品；
（三）对有毒有害、腐烂变质的食品应交由市场开办者或有关部门进行无害化处理或销毁；
（四）可能造成安全卫生危害的，应立即向当地工商行政管理部门或相关行政管理部门报告。
第五条 工商行政管理等行政执法部门对在巡查监管中发现的不合格食品，应当依法采取行政强制措施，责令经营者停止销售，召回已售出食品，对不合格食品进行扣押封存、没收或销毁，并依法处罚。
第六条 市场开办者应当与经营者签定合同，在合同中订立经营者食品质量保证及不合格食品自动退市条款。
第七条 经营者进货时应当与经销商或生产商签定合同，在合同中订立供货方食品质量保证及对不合格食品的召回、退货和赔偿条款。
第八条 经营者应对消费者作出食品质量承诺，并在出售食品时向消费者提供商品质量信誉卡。
第九条 工商行政管理部门应对辖区内市场不合格食品的召回、退市工作进行检查、监督，追溯不合格食品的来源和渠道，及时跟踪处理。
第十条 本办法自2005年1月1日起执行。
The Similar And Different Regulations
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing
Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.
